Back عمود الإنترنت الفقري Arabic İnternetin əsas şəbəkələri Azerbaijani Опорна мрежа на Интернет Bulgarian Backbone Catalan Internetová páteř Czech Internet-backbone Danish Internet-Backbone German Backbone Spanish ستون فقرات اینترنت Persian Dorsale Internet French
The Internet backbone is the principal data routes between large, strategically interconnected computer networks and core routers of the Internet. These data routes are hosted by commercial, government, academic and other high-capacity network centers as well as the Internet exchange points and network access points, which exchange Internet traffic internationally. Internet service providers (ISPs) participate in Internet backbone traffic through privately negotiated interconnection agreements, primarily governed by the principle of settlement-free peering.
The Internet, and consequently its backbone networks, do not rely on central control or coordinating facilities, nor do they implement any global network policies. The resilience of the Internet results from its principal architectural features, such as the idea of placing as few network state and control functions as possible in the network elements, instead relying on the endpoints of communication to handle most of the processing to ensure data integrity, reliability, and authentication. In addition, the high degree of redundancy of today's network links and sophisticated real-time routing protocols provide alternate paths of communications for load balancing and congestion avoidance.
The largest providers, known as Tier 1 networks, have such comprehensive networks that they do not purchase transit agreements from other providers.[1]